For most younger people (those in their 50s and below), the urinary symptoms caused by Multiple Sclerosis will probably be far more significant than those arising from other causes, and thus the focus should mainly be on these. However, there are some circumstances that may be associated with an increased likelihood of urinary problems.

Men and prostate problems
As men get older, some have problems from prostate gland enlargement. This gland surrounds the neck of the bladder and the beginning of the urethra. By the age of 60, it is enlarged in some 60% of men, and the proportion increases even more with age. Very often, the symptoms of an enlarged prostate develop slowly, but as they can echo some urinary symptoms caused by MS – particularly increased urinary frequency, urgency and nocturia – it may be difficult to separate the causes without investigation. As with other symptoms, it is important that specific causes are found, if possible, so that they can be appropriately managed. As the life expectancy of people with MS increases, more men may find that an enlarged prostate gland makes some of their urinary symptoms worse.

Childbirth
Recent research has also shown that urinary problems may occur earlier in life for some women following a difficult or problematic childbirth. The control of urination is a frequent minor problem following childbirth. It is not clear how such problems interact with
those of MS. However, many techniques of management indicated in this section can be used, although it would be wise for women who feel their pregnancy and childbirth has affected their bladder control to seek professional help and advice.