Articles on Medical Diseases and Conditions

Leptospirosis is caused by several species of Leptospira organisms found most often in rats but sometimes present in some farm animals and in some cats and dogs (presumably from rat-transmitted infection). Transmission is most often through accidental contact with water contaminated by infected rat urine. Those most at risk are sewer workers and slaughterhouse employees, […]

Fever. Fever is the most common cause of proteinuria (up to 75% of febrile patients). If severe, it may be associated with an increase in hyaline casts (etiology unknown, possibly dehydration). Cystitis-urethritis. Cystitis and urethritis are lower urinary tract infections, often hard to differentiate from renal infection. Clumping of WBCs is suggestive of pyelonephritis but […]