Certain malignancies have characteristic chromosome abnormalities. These can be chromosome deletions (the whole chromosome is absent or only a portion of a chromosome); additions (e.g., trisomy, when a third chromosome is present in a group that normally would consist of two); translocation, either single (where part of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another) […]
In confirmed hypercalcemia, differential diagnosis is usually among PHPT, malignancy (metastatic to bone or the ectopic PTH syndrome), and all other etiologies. In most cases the differential eventually resolves into PHPT versus hypercalcemia of malignancy (HCM). There is no single laboratory test that can distinguish between PHPT and HCM every time with certainty. As noted […]
Endocarditis is infection of one or more heart valves, although infection of mural thrombi is usually included. The disease used to be separated into two types, acute and subacute. The acute type was most often caused by S. aureus, usually affected a normal heart valve, and had a relatively short severe course. Other bacteria less […]
